Bildungsroman a Literary Genre Essay Example

Bildungsroman a Literary Genre Essay Example Bildungsroman a Literary Genre Paper Bildungsroman a Literary Genre Paper Inâ literary criticism,â bildungsromanâ orâ coming old enough storyâ is an abstract class which centers around the mental and good development of the hero from youth to adulthood (happening to age),[2]â and in which character change is in this way critical. [3] The term was begat in 1819 by philologist Karl Morgensternâ in his college addresses, and later broadly repeated by Wilhelm Dilthey, who legitimized it in 1870 and promoted it in 1905. [1][4] The sort is additionally portrayed by various formal, topical, and topical highlights. 5] The term transitioning novel is in some cases utilized conversely with Bildungsroman, yet its utilization is typically more extensive and less specialized. The introduction of the Bildungsroman is typically dated to the distribution of Goethe’s The Apprenticeship of Wilhelm Meisterâ in 1795â€96. [6] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had broad impact first in Europe and later all through th e world. Thomas Carlyleâ translated Goethe’s tale into English, and after its distribution in 1824, numerous British creators composed books propelled by it. reference needed] In the twentieth century, the class has been especially well known among female and[7][Need citation toâ verify]minority writers;[8][Need citation toâ verify]â it has spread to Germany, Britain, France,[9]â and a few different nations around the world. [citation needed] The class makes an interpretation of decently legitimately into realistic structure, theâ coming old enough film. A Bildungsroman tells about the growing up or transitioning of a touchy individual who is searching for answers and experience. The class advanced from fables stories of aâ dunceâ or most youthful child going out on the planet to look for his fortune. For the most part in the start of the story there is an enthusiastic misfortune which makes the hero depart on his excursion. In a Bildungsroman, the objective is development, and the hero accomplishes it continuously and with trouble. The class frequently includes a principle strife between the fundamental character and society. Ordinarily, the estimations of society are bit by bit acknowledged by the hero and he is eventually acknowledged into societyâ †the heroes mix-ups and frustrations are finished. In certain works, the hero can connect and help other people subsequent to having accomplished development. There are numerous varieties and subgenres of Bildungsroman that center around the development of a person. An Entwicklungsroman (development tale) is an account of general development as opposed to self-development. An Erziehungsroman (education epic) centers around preparing and formal schooling,[citation needed]â while a Kunstlerroman (artist epic) is about the advancement of a craftsman and shows a development of oneself. Incredible Expectationsâ is broadly viewed as an immediate relative of Goethes Wilhelm Meister,â the prototypicalBildungsroman. Aurora Leighâ takes the class and convolutes it with issues of sex in Victorian culture. Waterlandreconsiders self-improvement in a postmodern setting, utilizing account not for portrayal, yet rather as the vehicle for development * Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, by Ibn Tufailâ (12th century), an antecedent of the genre[11] * The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, by Henry Fieldingâ (1749)[12] * The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, by Laurence Sterneâ (1759)[12] * Candide, by Voltaire (1759)[13] Emile: or, On Education, by Jean-Jacques Rousseauâ (1762) * Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the paragon of the class (1795â€96) * The Sorrows of Young Werther, by Johann Wolfgang von Goetheâ (1787), however the hero doesnt figure out how to acknowledge society, and rather ends it all. * The Swiss Family Robinson (German: Der Schweizerische Robinson), by Johann David Wyss, and altered by his child Johann Rudolf Wyss (1812) * Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronteâ (1847

Free Essays on Indian Concert

â€Å"The Heartthrobs† I love tuning in to music at the same time, I don’t truly realize how to make music since, I don’t realize how to play any kind of instrument. The majority of all, I love shows in light of the live melodic exhibitions and an opportunity to encounter music when all is said in done. I have been to several shows throughout my life at the same time, there was one that has been the best experience so far and that was the latest. â€Å"The Heartthrobs† isn't a music gathering be that as it may, it is a name given to various types of artists and instrument players from India. The names of these artists are as per the following: Hrithik Roshan, Kareina Kapoor, Karishma Kapoor, Arjun Rampal, Rajeshwari, and Aftab Shivdasani. These Indian big names take a presentation visit each year to numerous nations, for example, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia. â€Å"The Heartthrobs† act in pretty much every state in the United States on the off chance that somebody is eager to support them and suit them well. This year on September first they acted in the assembly hall of Pike High School since one of the individuals in Pike Township was eager to support them. My colleague Kashyap Patel and I stepped up to the plate and go to this show in light of the fact that the two of us are partial to these big names and their music. I had an inclination, numerous individuals were going to come be that as it may, the group was monstrously greater than I had anticipated that it should be. I felt as though I had very thought little of the prevalence of these famous people abroad. It was truly packed and actually an issue to get inside the assembly hall. In any case, all in however everything merited the show in light of the fact that the show itself was glorious and it was one of the most thrilling things that I had done in my life. The melodic exhibition was stunning. Obviously, I had heard all the melodies previously however there were two tunes I hadn’t heard. I can leaned to the melodies of a smaller plate at the same time, any individual who has encountered unrecorded music at a show will have the option to reveal to you the ex... Free Essays on Indian Concert Free Essays on Indian Concert â€Å"The Heartthrobs† I love tuning in to music be that as it may, I don’t truly realize how to make music since, I don’t realize how to play any sort of instrument. The greater part of all, I love shows on account of the live melodic exhibitions and an opportunity to encounter music all in all. I have been to a few shows throughout my life at the same time, there was one that has been the best experience up to this point and that was the latest. â€Å"The Heartthrobs† isn't a music gathering in any case, it is a name given to various types of artists and instrument players from India. The names of these artists are as per the following: Hrithik Roshan, Kareina Kapoor, Karishma Kapoor, Arjun Rampal, Rajeshwari, and Aftab Shivdasani. These Indian VIPs take an exhibition visit each year to numerous nations, for example, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia. â€Å"The Heartthrobs† act in pretty much every state in the United States in the event that somebody is hap py to support them and suit them well. This year on September first they acted in the theater of Pike High School since one of the individuals in Pike Township was eager to support them. My cohort Kashyap Patel and I stepped up to the plate and go to this show in light of the fact that the two of us are enamored with these famous people and their music. I had an inclination, numerous individuals were going to come in any case, the group was gigantically greater than I had anticipated that it should be. I felt as though I had incredibly thought little of the ubiquity of these big names abroad. It was truly packed and actually an issue to get inside the assembly hall. In any case, all in yet everything merited the show in light of the fact that the show itself was superb and it was one of the most elating things that I had done in my life. The melodic exhibition was stunning. Obviously, I had heard all the melodies previously yet there were two tunes I hadn’t heard. I can inclined to the tunes of a smaller circle however, any individual who has encountered unrecorded music at a show will have the option to reveal to you the ex...

Final-ly!

Final-ly! Oh how the months have passed- from fall season to finals season to flu season. Even our poor school representative, number man, has fallen ill; don’t let this be you. Why not? Because the unfortunate symptoms include: Feeling quite hot, but in a 100 °F kind of way Fatigue, surprisingly unassociated with a heaping workload Being miserable (much more than you were when watching Les Miserables) Missing out on the best month at MIT- IAP! If being relaxed and useless stresses you out, its never too late to check the IAP listings by todays date and attend an impromptu event you didnt have to register for. The dark matter lecture I found myself immersed in today definitely wasnt in my schedule, but I walked out enlightened and luminous, which are qualities dark matter can never hope to possess. This is an elaborate introduction to what I really want to mention, which are some of the memorable moments from GIRs in fall semester. Congrats to all the new 17s- sorry you have to take general institute requirements, but theyre really not so bad! For example, I took 5.111, which is (re)Introduction to Chemistry. The semesters lectures were divided between two professors, both of whom I enjoyed. Once, every student armed with an alpha particle (ping pong ball) pelted a monolayer of Au nuclei (styrofoam ball contraption, behold below) at the front of the room in order for us to calculate the percent rebound, relating to the Rutherford model of the atom. You should have seen the way the ~300 person student body radiated alpha particles, watch out. Another time, we were given spectral glasses that refracted light into WHOA EVERYTHING IS RAINBOW AND SHINY Meanwhile in18.02 (Multivariable Calculus), several student hackers said farewell to our sketchy-proofed, flappy-armed (and completeley loveable and entertaining) professor with a question for him on the screen. Im continuing 8.01L (Longer Physics) into IAP; its been a great introductory class since I dont come from a strong physics background.  (Read: none.) I was also a member of Terrascope, and even though we completed Mission 2016 remarkably well through the chaos, I learned that I personally dont perform too well when Im not passionate about the research  topic. However, I had tons Hubble-barns of fun in my HASS class, 4.301 (Introduction to Visual Arts), especially during the final performance piece: All in all, this was an unforgettable start to my life at MIT. I reflected upon the amusing memories as I gallivanted down the Charles, looking at our shining Institvte across the frozen waters (and thought, oooo this is Ice in state Ih, one its 15 possible states, which I learned from 5.111). Yep, the unaesthetic scaffolding on the big dome is still up, which totally aids climbing it, not like thats legal or on anybodys checklist or anything. But wait- Whats that on the scaffolding? Is it an anthropomorphic pie chart? Its the first hack of 2013! A great way to start, after last years concluding one on December 17, in which Lobby 7 was decorated with a Mayan calendar and a dragon. This is because Mits finals week coincidentally ended on the same day as the end of the world. Quite fitting. So thank you Pac-man, for teaching me unwavering dedication and unstoppable energy. Heres to a great new year.

Instructional Objective ( Lesson Objective ) Essay

Instructional Objective (Lesson Objective) After analyzing and annotating documents based on social class in Ancient Egypt, students in groups, will determine the central ideas or information of a secondary source by creating a fact sheet. The students will then make an exit slip of a quote (the students can create a hashtag to tweet with) based upon on their assigned social class, the students must have no less than three historical facts. CCLS/ +NYS Standards and Indicators CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.2 Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. Indicator: This will be evident when the students create the fact sheets using their documents. NYS. K-8. SOCIAL STUDIES FRAMEWORK.6.3d Political and social hierarchies influenced the access that groups and individuals had to power, wealth, and jobs. It also influenced their roles in the society. †¢ Students will compare the gender roles, access to wealth and power, and division of labor within the social structures of the selected civilizations. †¢ Students will examine the achievements of each of the selected civilizations that were lasting contributions. Indicator: This will be evident when the students read and analyze the social class structures of Ancient Egypt. Motivation (Engaging the learners) Students will view â€Å"Egyptian Class Structure† a YouTube video. Materials †¢ Social Class Pyramid Poster †¢ SocialShow MoreRelatedInstructional Plan For High Quality Instructional Plans963 Words   |  4 Pagesefficient high-quality instructional plans that meet the needs and interest of all students. 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Brown and Green (2016) focused on each of Gagne’s events of instruction with one instructional activity so the implementation would identify the effectiveness of instruction. Gagne’s events of instruction are listed below: 1. Gain the learner’s attention 2. Inform learners of the objective 3. Stimulate recall of prior learning 4. Present the stimulus 5. Provide guidance for the learners 6. Elicit learner performance 7. Provide feedbackRead MoreApplication Guidelines And Procedures For How The Curriculum Is Designed, Delivered, Monitored, And Evaluated1082 Words   |  5 Pageseffective, a guaranteed and viable curriculum must be established. Components Written Curriculum This is referred to as all the goals, standards and objectives that the teachers need to teach and the students need to learn or achieve. 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The elements with the factors consist of identifying instructional specification course problems. Explore learner’s characteristics based on instructional decisions. Identify and analyze subject content relating to goals and purposes. Specify instructional objectives. Arrange instructional units in a sequential and logical order for effective learning. Instructional design meets the mastery of lesson objectives. Plan and developRead MoreInstructional Research Project : Teaching Reading Comprehension Skills to Third Grade Students1266 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching ten comprehension related objectives and identified areas for improvement in the unit. Evaluation Methodology Subject Matter Expert (SME) Phase. The subject matter expert read and evaluated the unit using a checklist of characteristics, and then shared her thoughts with the researcher in a questionnaire using the checklist to help guide her. One-to-One Phase. Three diverse students were presented with the unit in a one-to-one format, observed during the lessons using a checklist, and givenRead MoreDifferent Types Of Curriculum Affects You And Other Students877 Words   |  4 Pagesto be sure that the instructional objectives you set for a given lesson engage all you students? â€Å"Once the influences and committees have converged and a curriculum has been designed, teacher have the responsibility to bring it to life in classrooms† (p. 345). In instruction teachers are giving the students the curriculum, hence the need for instructional objectives. One key in providing effective instructions to check on objectives that are observable (behavioral objectives), check to see if studentsRead MoreTeaching Is Not Just About Spreading Knowledge Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesrefers to teachers’ mastery of the content knowledge of a specific subject. 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Should America have declared war on Japan after the bombing of Pearl Harbor - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 706 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Pearl Harbor Essay Did you like this example? Was President Roosevelt right to ask congress in the famous Day of Infamy Speech to declare such a war (PPT)? The events surrounding the declaration, mainly the bombing of Pearl Harbor, left such an impact on the forces of American military, I believe that President Roosevelt and Congress had no other choice. In my recent watching of the movie Pearl Harbor, and even though there are historical errors within the movie, I felt as if the movie gave the impression that the right decision was made. In less than two hours the Japanese managed to destroy almost 20 American ships and 300 American planes (PPT). Although the Pacific fleet was far from crippled the damage was significant in that over 2400 military personnel and civilians lost their lives. (PPT) The movie Pearl Harbor hid the historical facts of the events leading Americans into involvement in WWII behind a romantic love story. Instead of portraying the main reasons for the attack, such as Japans desire to expand in the pacific, or the sanctions placed on the Japanese by the Americans it chose to simplify the reasons by laying the blame on the Americans denying Japan the oil it needed. The facts were that US was unhappy with the aggressive moves of Japan on China, and with the Tripartite Act in which Japan joined the axis powers of Germany and Italy, which in turn caused relations between the two countries to deteriorate. (PPT) These actions lead to the freezing of Japanese assets in the US (PPT) and a recognition t hat an attack was inevitable†but no one knew when or where it would take place. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Should America have declared war on Japan after the bombing of Pearl Harbor" essay for you Create order Prior to the attack (1937) on Pearl Harbor two-thirds of Americans felt that the US should stay out of international affairs. (PPT) Congress passed a Neutrality Act in 1937 that made it illegal for Americans to sell or transport weapons as a deterrent for keeping the US out of war (PPT). However, the 2001 movie Pearl Harbor failed to portray the sentiments of the American people, instead gave a false sense of patriotism surrounding the events portrayed and totally left out any of these historical events. In 1940, the US congress signed into law the Selective Service Act, making it the first time Americans were drafted during peace time. (PPT) In the movie, Pearl Harbor†the main characters, Danny and Rafe (childhood friends) are Army Air Corp Pilots who witness the battle at Pearl Harbor and take to the skies to defend the harbor against the Japanese†this part is factual because some of the American pilots were able to launch a defense and take down some Japanese planes. On the day following the attack at Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt delivered a message to congress that stressed the need for them to take action in retaliation for the attack. Three days later (PPT) war was declared moving the US into war with Japan, Germany and Italy. The war involvement came at a high cost for the US, not only in monetary costs but in the loss of the lives of many soldiers. (PPT) The US one by one moved the Japanese forces from the islands that they had previously taken over (PPT)†thus allowing them to utilize the resources from each one. The battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa being two of the most important because of the roll these two islands would play in the end of the battle. These victories were essential for the end result to be successful when the US dropped the bombs on Japans mainland that eventually led to the end of World War II. In conclusion, I believe that the events, victories and outcome of the war itself give credence to the correct decision by the US president and congress to declare war on Japan. When negotiations between the US and Japan proved to be unsuccessful and all attempts by the US to thwart war became a moot point with the attack on Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt really had no choice but to call for American Intervention. I can also conclude that the movie Pearl Harbor although highly historically inaccurate did accomplish an important feat, it called back to attention these events in our history that helped shape the world we live in today.

Como Agua Para Chocolate Free Essays

Verbal and Visual Representation of Women: Como agua para chocolate / Like Water for Chocolate By MARIA ELENA DE VALDES Como agua para chocolate is the first novel by Laura Esquivel (b. 1950 ). Published in Spanish in 1989 and in English translation in 1992, followed by the release of the feature film that same year, the novel has thrust this Mexican woman writer into the world of international critical acclaim as well as best-seller popularity. We will write a custom essay sample on Como Agua Para Chocolate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since Esquivel also wrote the screenplay for director Alfonso Arau, the novel and the film together offer us an excellent opportunity to examine the interplay between the verbal and visual representation of women. Esquivel’s previous work had all been as a screenwriter. Her script for Chido Guan, el Tacos de Oro ( 1985 ) was nominated for the Ariel in Mexico, an award she won eight years later for Como agua para chocolate. The study of verbal and visual imagery must begin with the understanding that both the novel and, to a lesser extent, the film work as a parody of a genre. The genre in question is the Mexican version of women’s fiction published in monthly installments together with recipes, home remedies, dressmaking patterns, short poems, moral exhortations, ideas on home decoration, and the calendar of church observances. In brief, this genre is the nineteenth-century forerunner of what is known throughout Europe and America as a woman’s magazine. 1 Around 1850 these publications in Mexico were called â€Å"calendars for young ladies. Since home and church were the private and public sites of all educated young ladies, these publications represented the written counterpart to women’s socialization, and as such, they are documents that conserve and transmit a Mexican female culture in which the social context and cultural space are particularly for women by women. It was in the 1850s that fiction began to take a prominent role. At first the writings were descriptions of places for family excursions, moralizing tales, or detailed narratives on cooking. By 1860 the installment novel grew out of the monthly recipe or recommended excursion. More elaborate love stories by women began to appear regularly by the 1880s. The genre was never considered literature by the literary establishment because of its episodic plots, overt sentimentality, and highly stylized characterization. Nevertheless, by the turn of the century every literate woman in Mexico was or had been an avid reader of the genre. But what has been completely overlooked by the male-dominated literary culture of Mexico is that these novels were highly coded in an authentic women’s language of inference and reference to the commonplaces of the kitchen and the home which were completely unknown by any man. Behind the purportedly simple episodic plots there was an infrahistory of life as it was lived, with all its multiple restrictions for women of this social class. The characterization followed the forms of life of these women rather than their unique individuality; thus the heroines were the survivors, those who were able to live out a full life in spite of the institution of marriage, which in theory, if not in practice, was a form of indentured slavery for life in which a woman served father and brothers then moved on to serve husband and sons together with her daughters and, of course, the women from the servant class. The women’s fiction of this woman’s world concentrated on one overwhelming fact of life: how to transcend the conditions of existence and express oneself in love and in creativity. 3 Cooking, sewing, embroidery, and decoration were the usual creative outlets for these women, and of course conversation, storytelling, gossip, and advice, which engulfed every waking day of the Mexican lady of the home. 4 Writing for other women was quite naturally an extension of this infrahistorical conversation and gossip. Therefore, if one has the social codes of these women, one can read these novels as a way of life in nineteenth-century Mexico. Laura Esquivel’s recognition of this world and its language comes from her Mexican heritage of fiercely independent women, who created a woman’s culture within the social prison of marriage. 5 Como agua para chocolate is a parody of nineteenth-century women’s periodical fiction in the same way that Don Quijote is a parody of the novel of chivalry. Both genres were expressions of popular culture that created a unique space for a segment of the population. I am using the term parody in the strict sense in which Ziva Ben-Porat has defined it: â€Å"[Parody is] a representation of a modeled reality, which is itself already a particular representation of an original reality. The parodic representations expose the model’s conventions and lay bare its devices through the coexistence of the two codes in the same message† (247). Obviously, for the parody to work at its highest level of dual representation, both the parody and the parodic model must be present in the reading experience. Esquivel creates the duality in several ways. First, she begins with the title of the novel, Like Water for Chocolate, a locution which translates as â€Å"water at the boiling point† and is used as a simile in Mexico to describe any event or relationship that is so tense, hot, and extraordinary that it can only be compared to scalding water on the verge of boiling, as called for in the preparation of that most Mexican of all beverages, dating from at least the thirteenth century: hot chocolate (Soustelle, 153-61). Second, the subtitle is taken directly from the model: â€Å"A Novel in Monthly Installments, with Recipes, Romances, and Home Remedies. † Together the title and subtitle therefore cover both the parody and the model. Third, the reader finds upon opening the book, in place of an epigraph, a traditional Mexican proverb: â€Å"A la mesa y a la cama / Una sola vez se llama† (To the table or to bed / You must come when you are bid). â€Å"The woodcut that decorates the page is the typical nineteenth-century cooking stove. The fourth and most explicit dualistic technique is Esquivel’s reproduction of the format of her model. Each chapter is prefaced by the title, the subtitle, the month, and the recipe for that month. The narration that follows is a combination of direct address on how to prepare the recipe of the month and interspersed stories about the loves and times of the narrator’s great-aunt Tita. The narration moves effortlessly from the first person to the third-person omniscient narrative voice of all storytellers. Each chapter ends with the information that the story will be continued and an announcement of what the next month’s–that is, the next chapter’s–recipe will be. These elements, taken from the model, are never mere embellishments. The recipes and their preparation, as well as the home remedies and their application, are an intrinsic part of the story. There is therefore an intricate symbiotic relationship between the novel and its model in the reading experience. Each is feeding on the other. In this study I am concerned with the model of the human subject, specifically the female subject, as it is developed in and through language and visual signification in a situated context of time and place. The verbal imaging of the novel makes use of the elaborate signifying system of language as a dwelling place. The visual imagery that at first expands the narrative in the film soon exacts its own place as a nonlinguistic signifying system drawing upon its own repertoire of referentiality and establishing a different model of the human subject than that elucidated by the verbal imagery alone. I intend to examine the novelistic signifying system and the model thus established and then follow with the cinematic signifying system and its model. The speaking subject or narrative voice in the novel is characterized, as Emile Benveniste has shown, as a living presence by speaking. That voice begins in the first person, speaking the conversational Mexican Spanish of a woman from Mexico’s north, near the U. S. border. Like all Mexican speech, it is clearly marked with register and sociocultural indicators, in this case of the land-owning middle class, mixing colloquial local usage with standard Spanish. The entry point is always the same: the direct address of one woman telling another how to prepare the recipe she is recommending. As one does the cooking, it is quite natural for the cook to liven the session with some storytelling, prompted by the previous preparation of’ the food. As she effortlessly moves from first-person culinary instructor to storyteller, she shifts to the third person and gradually appropriates a time and place and refigures a social world. A verbal image emerges of the model Mexican rural, middle-class woman. She must be strong and far more clever than the men who supposedly protect her. She must be pious, observing all the religious requirements of a virtuous daughter, wife, and mother. She must exercise great care to keep her sentimental relations as private as possible, and, most important of all, she must be in control of life in her house, which means essentially the kitchen and bedroom or food and sex. In Esquivel’s novel there are four women who must respond to the model: the mother Elena and the three daughters Rosaura, Gertrudis, and Josefita, known as Tita. The ways of living within the limits of the model are demonstrated first by the mother, who thinks of herself as its very incarnation. She interprets the model in terms of control and domination of her entire household. She is represented through a filter of awe and fear, for the ostensible source is Tita’s diary-cookbook, written beginning in 1910, when she was fifteen years old, and now transmitted by her grandniece. Therefore the verbal images that characterize Mama Elena must be understood as those of her youngest daughter, who has been made into a personal servant from the time the little girl was able to work. Mama Elena is depicted as strong, self-reliant, absolutely tyrannical with her daughters and servants, but especially so with Tita, who from birth has been designated as the one who will not marry because she must care for her mother until she dies. Mama Elena believes in order, her order. Although she observes the strictures of church and society, she has secretly had an adulterous love affair with an African American, and her second daughter, Gertrudis, is the offspring of that relationship. This transgression of the norms of proper behavior remains hidden from public view, although there is gossip, but only after her mother’s death does Tita discover that Gertrudis is her half-sister. The tyranny imposed on the three sisters is therefore the rigid, self-designed model of a woman’s life pitilessly enforced by Mama Elena, and each of the three responds in her own way to the model. Rosaura never questions her mother’s authority and follows her dictates submissively; after she is married she becomes an insignificant imitation of her mother. She lacks the strength, skill, and determination of Mama Elena and tries to compensate by appealing to the mother’s model as absolute. She therefore tries to live the model, invoking her mother’s authority because she has none of her own. Gertrudis does not challenge her mother but instead responds to her emotions and passions in a direct manner unbecoming a lady. This physical directness leads her to adopt an androgynous life-style: she leaves home and her mother’s authority, escapes from the brothel where she subsequently landed, and becomes a general of the revolutionary army, taking a subordinate as her lover and, later, husband. When she returns to the family hacienda, she dresses like a man, gives orders like a man, and is the dominant sexual partner. Tita, the youngest of the three daughters, speaks out against her mother’s arbitrary rule but cannot escape until she temporarily loses her mind. She is able to survive her mother’s harsh rule by transferring her love, joy, sadness, and anger into her cooking. Tita’s emotions and passions are the impetus for expression and action, not through the normal means of communication but through the food she prepares. She is therefore able to consummate her love with Pedro through the food she serves. Tal parecia que en un extranio fenomeno de alquimia su ser se habia disuelto en la salsa de rosas, en el cuerpo de las codornices, en el vino y en cada uno de los olores de la comida. De esta manera penetraba en el cuerpo de Pedro, voluptuosa, aromatica, calurosa, completamente sensual. (57) It was as if a strange alchemical process had dissolved her entire being in the rose petal sauce, in the tender flesh of the quails, in the wine, in every one of the meal’s aromas. That was the way she entered Pedro’s body, hot, voluptuous, perfumed, totally sensuous. 52) This clearly is much more than communication through food or a mere aphrodisiac; this is a form of sexual transubstantiation whereby the rose petal sauce and the quail have been turned into the body of Tita. Thus it is that the reader gets to know these women as persons but, above all, becomes involved with the embodied speaking subject from the past, Tita, represented by her grand-niece (who transmits her story) a nd her cooking. The reader receives verbal food for the imaginative refiguration of one woman’s response to the model that was imposed on her by accident of birth. The body of these women is the place of living. It is the dwelling place of the human subject. The essential questions of health, illness, pregnancy, childbirth, and sexuality are tied very directly in this novel to the physical and emotional needs of the body. The preparation and eating of food is thus a symbolic representation of living, and Tita’s cookbook bequeaths to Esperanza and to Esperanza’s daughter, her grandniece, a woman’s creation of space that is hers in a hostile world. Not only was the film adaptation of Como agua para chocolate written by the novelist herself, but in this case the screenplay represents a return to her original discipline. There are many cinematographic elements in the novel, primarily the numerous cuts and fade-outs of the story in order to feature the cooking. The camera is intrusive and can engulf its subject in a visual language that is unique to the voyeur or can replace verbal referentiality by overwhelming the viewer. For example, the opening shot of the film, filling the entire screen with an onion that is being sliced, plunges the viewer into food preparation in a way that no spoken word could parallel for its immediate effect. Similarly, the numerous close-ups of food being prepared, served, and eaten heighten the dominance of the performance of cooking and eating as both sustenance and social ritual. Contrast these images and this emphasis on the joy, sensuality, and even lust of eating the Mexican cuisine of Tita’s kitchen with the scenes of the monks eating in Jean-Jacques Annaud screen version of The Name of the Rose or the raw meat displayed in the monastery’s refractory, where the emphasis is on the denial of the flesh through mortification. Gabriel Axel film Babette’s Feast, on the other hand, contains both poles of this opposition between gratification and mortification of the body. The minister’s two daughters, who substitute religious practice for living and who eat as punishment for having a body, are suddenly exposed to the refinement of food as art, pleasure, and gratification. ) In the film Como agua para chocolate the preparation of food is expressed visually, and the consummation of eating is seen in the faces of the diners; but it must be also emphasized that there is a full spectrum of effects here, ranging from ecstasy to nausea. Perhaps the major difference between Esquivel’s novel and the film version is that there is a visual intertext in the latter that evokes the Cinderella fairy tale by using the ghostly appearance of the mother and making her death the result of an attack on the hacienda by outlaws. In the novel Mama Elena does not die until long after the attack and lingers on in partial madness, convinced that Tita is trying to poison her. By cutting short her death to one sudden violent episode and having her visage return to taunt Tita until the latter is able to renounce her heritage, the film makes Tita the Cinderella-like victim of personal abuse. In the novel the rigidity and harshness of Mama Elena is overwhelmingly sociocultural and not peculiar to Tita as victim. The visual intertext of fairy-tale language creates an effective subtext in the film, bringing out the oppression of the protagonist and her magical transcendence. Instead of a fairy godmother, Tita has the voice of her Nacha, the family cook who raised her from infancy amid the smells and sounds of the kitchen. Instead of a magical transformation of dress and carriage to go to the prince’s ball, Tita is able to make love through the food she prepares; she is also able to induce sadness and acute physical discomfort. She is therefore able to keep Pedro from having sexual relations with Rosaura by making certain that Rosaura is fat, foul of breath, and given to breaking wind in the most nauseating manner. Mama Elena’s ghost first appears one hour into the film and quietly gains the upper hand, since she threatens to curse the child Tita is presumably carrying. The final confrontation between Tita and the ghost comes ten minutes later: Tita defeats the ghost by revealing that she knows Gertrudis is illegitimate and that she hates Elena for everything she has never been to her. The film’s visual language is able to evoke images of provocation, contempt, and abuse that are not in the novel. From the fortieth to the forty-fifth minute of the film, part of Tita’s immensurably Cinderellalike duties are enacted. Tita is the only one permitted to assist Mama Elena in her bath and with her dressing. The despotic abuse of Tita by Mama Elena clearly borrows the visual images of the cruel stepmother. The magical intermediary is not a beautiful woman in a ball dress, but rather a wrinkled old woman, the cook Nacha, who had given Tita the love Mama Elena denied her. Nacha’s voice and face guide Tita. It is Nacha who tells her to use the roses Pedro gave her for the preparation of quail in rose petal sauce, and it is Nacha who prepares the bedroom for the final consummation of love between Tita and Pedro at the end of the film. Tita’s magical powers are all related to food, with the exception of the kilometer-long bedspread she knits during her lengthy nights of insomnia. Tita’s cooking controls the pattern of living of those in her household because the food she prepares becomes an extension of herself. The culmination of this process of food as art and communication is food as communion. The transubstantiation of Tita’s quail in rose petal sauce into Tita’s body recalls the Roman Catholic doctrine of the communion wafer’s becoming the body and blood of Christ, but on a deeper level it is the psychological reality of all women who have nursed an infant. When the baby Roberto loses his wet nurse, Tita is able to take the infant and nurse him in spite of the fact that she has not given birth. Her breasts are filled with milk not because she wishes she were the mother of the child, but because the child needs to eat and she is the provider of food. The viewer of the film Como agua para chocolate must develop her expressive capacity as she broadens her affective experience. Mexican women–and to some extent Latin American women–seeing the film relive their family history, and this is so not only because of the strong and open cultural links between Latin American women in this century, on which both the novel and film draw, but also and perhaps primarily because of the skillful use of the parodic model. The intertext of women’s magazines and the loves, trials, and tribulations featured in the stories they published is used by Esquivel as a discursive code that transcends whatever regional differences may exist. The social registers, the forms of address, the language of the female domain are somewhat lost in translation, because as in cooking, the substitution of ingredients changes the taste. The representation of women in Esquivel’s novel and in the film touches on that deepest reservoir of meaning which is the human body as described, seen, and, on the deeper level, understood as the origin of identity. Women from other cultures and other languages can develop an empathetic relationship with Tita, her cooking, her love, and her life. Men of any culture, but especially Mexican men and Latin American men, have the greatest deficiency in experiencing this film and therefore have the most to learn. They must gain access to some fragment of the expressive code of visual and verbal images that are the infrahistoric codes of their mothers, wives, and daughters. If they cannot gain access to the expressive system, they will not have access to the affective experience of these lives. The imagery of nourishing the body in both the novel and the film provides us with the means for articulating the experiences of cooking, eating, making love, and giving birth in previously unsuspected ways, and thus allows the male intruder a peek into reality. Women’s recuperation of artistic creativity within the confinement of the house, and especially the kitchen and the bedroom, is presented by Esquivel not in an ideological argument but rather by means of an intertextual palimpsest which is the hallmark of postmodern art. 6 I want to conclude with three observations on feminist art in this context. 1) This is not a protest movement; it is a celebration of the space of one’s own which may have been hidden from view in the past but is now open to all. ) At the center of postmodernism there is the vesting of creative weight on the reader, and this makes intertextuality a means of providing an interpretive context; in the case of Esquivel that context is our grandmother’s kitchen and bedroom. 3) The maturity of feminist criticism has moved beyond the need to go headhunting among the misogynist hordes of patriarchy; the challenge today is to celebrate women’s creativity in the full domain of the human adventure, from the so-called decorative arts to the fine arts and science. 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Electronic commerce free essay sample

TroniXkart is component amp; development tools sourcing division of Hogst Innovative Solutions Pvt. Ltd. With its international tie up with global companies like Sparkfun, Seeedstudio etc, items with international standards is being sold in TroniXkart. Also local items, with Indian standards suitable for Indian work environment is sold after careful testing and benchmarking the reliability. We focus and help the creative minds to come up with an innovative idea, for the completion of their dream projects. Beat it robotics, wireless sensors, digital storage devices, anything can be bought through the site. It has got so many features which gives an edge over upon the competitors. The reviews of products by past customer play an important role in selecting the right equipment. TroniXkart updates the reviews, new arrivals, competitive products reviews, which help the customers to grab the product without making much ambiguity. Another feature of TroniXkart is the shipping amp; returns policy, which makes it available the right products ordered at the right time and at the right place. From a service perspective, e-commerce is a tool which addresses the desire of firms, consumers and management while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of delivery. From an online perspective, e-commerce is about the capability of buying and selling products or services. (Kalakota and Whinston 3) In general, e-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals. In this age of Internet, the development of e-commerce cause information asymmetry from an online perspective, on the other hand, information asymmetry is also reduced from a communication perspective. The rapid development of e-commerce affect the job market by destroying certain jobs such as salesman, and create new jobs such as web master. Lastly, e-commerce also leads to globalization in business. Information asymmetry is defined as a situation where one party has more or better access of information compared to another rival party in making business decisions. From an online perspective, information asymmetry occurs in between the seller and the buyer when the buyer is uncertain of the physical product. When a large infrastructure of a physical shop front is replaced by a â€Å"blog shop†, where consumers can only see the products online, this causes the lack of sensory information of the product. The buyer is unsure of what material of the product is made of. For example, the products shown on the Internet may look perfectly fine. However, the physical products may not be as good as it was shown. The seller may use some computer software such as ‘photoshop’ to ‘beautify’ the pictures of the products before posting it on the Internet in order to make it more appealing to attract people’s interest. As such, the buyer will suffer from insufficiency of information in making a business decision. The lack of sensory information and the uncertainty of physical product are the causes of the occurrence of information asymmetry in between the buyer and the seller. Some unethical business man is most likely to take advantage of e-commerce to deceive the people who purchase products online. Without a doubt, this will reduce the levels of trust and confidence of one for e-commerce. On the other hand, from communication perspective, a reduction in information asymmetry occurs. This is because the Internet is a global system which is consists of a vast of interconnected computer networks. It works just like how the data flows across the Internet, knowledge and information about almost anything are now easily accessible by the people in every corner of the earth. A very good example is online banking. It enables one to access to its account summary information regardless of the location, as long as Internet connection is available. In fact, online banking is one of the fastest growing sectors in e-commerce. Online banking also shows the importance of being innovative. Failure to be as innovative to keep up with the pace of the others, in terms of information technology, will be eliminated. As such, there is only little chance of protecting a certain innovation to be a monopoly. Internet also provides a wide range of information and communication facilities for people to compare and contrast the information from various websites. For example, there are various websites for one to surf on the Internet to look for jobs. Certain jobs which are similar in terms of position or work load, may not provide the same monthly salary. Therefore, the asymmetry of information is narrowed down as the job seekers are free to obtain a second opinion on different websites. Although it seems very fantastic how e-commerce narrow down the asymmetries of information, it also has its own flaws. There are several risks to be taken when one establishes business transaction electronically. The possible risks of e-commerce are security of transaction issues, virus attacks, unauthorized access and identity theft. Financial information of the consumers may be stolen or misused. After all, it is merely the establishment of business transaction between the consumer and the electronic media. As such, businesses have to enhance their security system to be cautious of hackers who may steal valuable information of their customers. E-commerce, through the Internet, will gradually take over the traditional ways of businesses, there can be no doubt that there is human factor to be acknowledged. The transformations of the operation of the firms bring about uncertain changes in the job market due to the changes made in the organization structure of the firm. Jobs are destroyed and created as traditional businesses gradually transform into electronic commerce. The transformation of the way firms operate destroys certain jobs such as the workers of retailers, travel agencies and salesman. When a major shop front has become unnecessary, businesses need not to hire workers to look after the shop and provide services to the customers. Customers could access the website to purchase goods and settle their payment electronically. This causes workers of retailers such as cashier to lose their jobs. In times of past, salesman is a necessity for every business to promote their products. However, salesman have been replaced by Internet. The Internet is the best medium for advertisements. A very good example would be InterWorld, which is an e-commerce consulting firm, posts advertisements on its webpage rather than publishing it elsewhere. It is also a form of lower cost of advertisement compared to other forms of advertisements. Most search engines such as Google and Yahoo earns revenue by matching relevant advertisements to one’s search topic. Depending on the rate of success of e-commerce, there are some indirect jobs will be affected. If the business attracts more customers using e-commerce, the demand of the products increases, indirectly increasing the productivity of the firms. This will increase the number of factory workers to manufacture more products to meet the demand. As e-commerce develops, he demands for certain skills increases, which are experts who excel in the field of Information Technology to set up businesses on the Internet. The employment of finance and commerce related sectors are expected to increase. Although some jobs are destroyed due to the growth of e-commerce, as e-commerce develops, new jobs are also created. For instance, new job creations are namely website creation and maintenance, credit card processing, Internet security, inventory management, and web master. However, all these jobs are involved in teleworking, which means an employment at home and communicates with workplace through computer networks. There are a few advantages as well as disadvantages of teleworking. The advantages are reduction in workplace conflicts and enhanced employees’ control over their schedules. Whereas the disadvantages are decreased opportunities for development, social isolation and reduced job security. Despite the disadvantages of teleworking brings, it seems to be a good planning for the transition of traditional business to electronic commerce. However, the technology that drive the Internet will continue to change. With the astonishing growth of e-commerce, firms now have the opportunity to find new methods to expand their business. According to business dictionary, globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers. By transforming the old business model to electronic commerce, businesses now have access to new markets. Due to the high cost of business, strict regulation, existence of barriers and resources such as labor and capital, traditional businesses do not have access to expand markets globally. However, e-commerce helps to reduce cost by saving the money for rent and employee because a physical shop front is not a necessity. E-commerce provides direct sale to customers, which lowers its cost of sale, hence earning higher profits. In fact, e-commerce offers low cost technological infrastructures, which is an attraction for businesses. E-commerce allows companies to increase their sales in local and international markets. The flexibility of time and location afforded by the Internet provide less costs for communications. E-commerce not only reduces communication costs, but also increases flexibility in locating activities. On the other hand, globalization of business may bring in various competitors from different countries into the growing markets. Consequently, this may opens the local enterprises to unsustainable competition. Throughout the history, international trades have only consisted of mainly manufactured products. However, with the aid of the Internet, services such as banking, consulting and retailing can be provided to all parts of the world through a website that is globally accessible. The Internet is said to be the backbone of greater service trade ( Mandel 8 ) However, advertisements need to be done to open the type of service provided to exposure. According to BBC news, large firms with big businesses cannot afford to not have a Web Page to advertise the offered products to promote high sales. This shows that the Internet is an effective marketing tool. eBay and Amazon are the successful companies which are globalized. On the eBay auction site, someone who puts a product on sale can find a buyer easily. eBay also provides directions for people about the way to ship products internationally to promote globalization of its website. With the establishment of e-commerce, information asymmetry is now on the decline this is because one could look up for personal account’s information and seek for information regardless of location. However, unethical business man may take advantage of e-commerce by deceiving customers. The job market is affected both positively and negatively. This is because there is a change in the organization structure of the firms. Experts in IT are expected to be in high demand. The increase in internet-based technologies is a sign of a stimulus for globalization. Companies that have business relationship setup an automated and fast info excha nge such as stock deliver. This enables globalization because a business man in home country can now look for suppliers out of the country.